International Marketplace Essays - Offshoring, Canada, Free Essays

Worldwide Marketplace Essays - Offshoring, Canada, Free Essays Worldwide Marketplace Jason Racki English 123 Ms. Gigliotti Term paper The Everyday Effects of the International Marketplace American is progressively associated with the remainder of theworld as a worldwide economy turns out to be increasingly significant. We partake in the worldwide commercial center both as suppliers of merchandise and as buyers. How we purchase and sell influences us both as far as what merchandise we can look over, yet additionally what occupations are accessible, and what sorts of ventures will come to command our economy. One of the most significant changes as of late in our place in the worldwide economy is the dropping of exchange obstructions with such political moves as the endorsement of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This has affected our economy which has sifted down to the regular day to day existences of our kin, both as laborers and as shoppers. From one perspective, NAFTA has been acceptable in that it has caused the dropping of duties by Mexico and Canada, making U. S. products progressively reasonable in those nations. This has assisted with invigorating a few zones of the American economy by opening up new markets to sell our items abroad. In encouraging the section of NAFTA, the Clinton Administration distributions said that NAFTA would expand high pay occupations, support U.S. development, and grow the base from which U.S. firms and laborers could contend in an overall market. It anticipated employment additions of around a million because of expanded Mexican fares, and recommended that by 1995 there would be roughly 200,000 all the more high compensation occupations made because of the opening of free markets. The enterprises generally expected to profit were those managing in PC innovation, machine instruments, aviation gear, media communications hardware, gadgets, and clinical gadgets all territories where wages were at that point 12 percent higher than the national normal (Expanding (1993), 3-5). Such development in occupations would affect the laborers and their networks, giving a lift to both individual riches and the network itself. These advantages spread outward to different zones of the economy, helping ind ividuals who have occupations in retail, development, and different territories where laborers spend their checks. In any case, there is another impact. Because of the less expensive work in Mexico, cooperation in this piece of the universal commercial center has prompted the loss of numerous American occupations in specific businesses, for example, the article of clothing and material enterprises. Following four years of steadiness, clothing industry employments plunged out of nowhere a year ago, falling in excess of 10% from 945,000 toward the finish of 1994 to 346,000 out of 1995. Also, 42,000 employments disappeared in the textures business for at all out shrinkage of 141,000 occupations. These employments spoke to 40 percent of all assembling positions lost in the United States a year ago (Squeezing (1996), D1). Carl Priestland, a financial specialist for the American Apparel Manufacturers Association, anticipated that this year another America will probably lose up to another 50,000 employments in the business (Squeezing (1996), D1). These misfortunes particularly influence laborers in humble communities like Pisgah, Alabama, and Granger, Texas. The surmised 100 individuals let go in Pisgah this year were sincerely crushed. In addition to the fact that they are seeing their particular occupations vanish, they are likewise confronted with seeing the whole business disappear from their region, accepting their open doors with it. One model, Martha Smith, who lost her employment sewing kids' garments, is presently taken on a state-supported program to learn administrative aptitudes. She is in this manner exchanging a hands on position for one which is in a low-paying and packed field. Indeed a considerable number of the more than 650 individuals who lost sewing positions in Alabama this year are ladies battling to help their families (Squeezing (1996), D1). They face a market where they have barely any aptitudes and little to offer. Given the to a great extent female cosmetics of the sewing business, it is unfeasible to attempt to fit all these dislodged laborers in the administrative field. What's more, what's more, when a plant, for example, the one in Pisgah shuts, the whole town and district endure. Numerous such towns are reliant on one boss. At the point when that business leaves for less expensive work in Mexico, the nearby economy can only with significant effort recoup. Nearby traders lose their client base; providers to the factories lose their business sectors. In the material

Zimbardo Prison Experiment free essay sample

The Stanford Prison Experiment harbored enthusiasm concerning the mental impacts that would be displayed from typical individuals when placed into reproduction jail. Stanford Prison analyze had components of social structure of a genuine jail. Zimbardo himself held â€Å"ultimate† ace status as the superintendent. Members were chosen by Zimbardo for the trial. Members held accomplished ace status of jail watches and another gathering of male understudies were depicting prisoners in the examination. The social connection in the trial had extraordinary mental impacts on the members in the examination. The two watches and detainees complied with the desire for their social job. Initially the Stanford Prison Experiment was made arrangements for fourteen day look into study. The examination finished rashly following six days in light of the fact that the understudies turned out to be so assimilated into their jobs. The jobs the subjects played accepted they really were those jobs. The watchmen embraced perverted harsh perspectives. Authority and control over someone else went to extraordinary measures in certain subjects. We will compose a custom paper test on Zimbardo Prison Experiment or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The gathering chose to depict detainees got debilitated and defiant. These subjects felt regretful, individuals gazing at them, being in squad car, being in a police headquarters. Riding in a squad car, and the procedure of capture made blame in their psyches. Despite the fact that they realized no wrongdoing was submitted experiencing the capture procedure made trouble. The subjects playing detainees accepted they couldn't leave the investigation. These young men were experiencing difficulty with their character in this examination. Prisoner subjects were truly not ready to adjust in this social structure. They didn't have the fundamental abilities a genuine criminal has as a part of his character.

Case Study Analysis Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Investigation Paper - Case Study Example The truth of the matter is that the mid year is drawing nearer and Arthur doesn't have a solid pool of laborers (substitution or something else) to maintain his business during this period. He is probably going to confront a high turnover and acquire substantial misfortunes in light of an absence of laborers to keep his business operational. His misfortunes are probably going to originate from spending more than he is procuring †the substitution laborers are in reality more costly than his ordinary changeless workers. Arthur’s turnover is too high to even think about keeping his business running throughout the mid year. Since summer excursions are very long, the misfortunes brought about must be fantastically high during this period. A fascinating reality is that turnover is higher in substitution representatives than lasting specialists who ordinarily work for the organization. Since his fulltime laborers consistently return toward the finish of the mid year or when they recoup from their different diseases, Arthur can't bear the cost of spending a great deal of cash on brief specialists who are not constantly accessible and are too costly to even consider keeping on the finance. The answer for this issue is to get rid of transitory specialists for all time (Uhl, 2013). The arrangement is to build up a calendar whereby there are two pools of laborers: lasting and fulltime. Be that as it may, the substitution laborers are just recruited throughout the mid year and paid respectable wages to keep them at work. Arthur’s strategy for searching for new laborers each late spring is defective and will just prompt misfortunes in efficiency and income. He ought to consistently have substitution laborers on reserve. In a perfect world, they ought to be working in the various seasons aside from summer, when they supplant all the changeless laborers. Along these lines, whether or not a changeless specialist is debilitated or in the midst of a get-away, there is a consistent pool of substitution workers prepared to have their spot (Bridger, 2014). Arthur should change the mid year get-away to a lasting slow time of year for perpetual specialists. When summer arrives at all the lasting specialists are given leaves and they just return

What To Say When Your Child Doesnt Make The Cut

HomeSurviveParentingWhat To Say When Your Child Doesnt Make The CutThis page may contain affiliate links.Aug 17, 2018 Sorry, you were not selected†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Those words can be devastating, no matter how old you are. Children not selected for a sports team, a senior rejected from a college, a college student rejected from a sorority or fraternity or an adult not selected for a job or promotion. How do you help your child handle college rejection just as they get ready to make their mark in the world? A college student is no longer at home all day every day, so it’s harder to hold hands, give hugs and dry tears. Here are some ways to comfort your student while encouraging their resilience and determination. Closed Doors Don’t Determine Worth Did your child get rejected by a sorority or fraternity they rushed for? It can feel devastating, like a blanket judgment on a person’s looks, personality, and overall worthiness. But it isn’t. The biggest lesson your student can learn – right now, as soon as possible – is that no one else holds they keys to their worthiness. Your student can still feel comfortable on campus. They can still walk around like a rock star. They determine their own worth. A group of folks doesn’t want to hang out with them right now? No problem. They are worthy of great friends who want to spend time with them, who care about them, and will root for them to succeed. A closed door is just a door, not a judgment. Knowing that now will help your child immeasurably as they move through adult life. Consider Taking a Second (Or Third, Or..) Choice Perhaps your student didn’t get into their top college, but did get accepted to a different one. Or perhaps the top-choice Greek house didn’t accept them, but another one offered membership. Should they take it? A lot of this depends on maturity and attitude, but generally, the answer is yes. Obviously if your child is going to be in a snit and chooses to hate every minute, it won’t work out. But, if they choose to make the most of the door that is open to them, it could be everything they dreamed of. A Greek house will still give them incredible friendships, hilarious memories, and access to great events, even if it’s not their top choice community. A college can still offer academic excellence and a great chance to become their own adult, even if it’s a third or fourth choice school. College Rejection is Not the End of the Road No rejection, whether it’s from a school, a degree program, Greek life or a sweetheart, is ever the final word on how life will work out. Young people have a very difficult time seeing beyond the current moment. Their short-term perspective has a lot to do with the fact that they haven’t lived long enough to put failures and success in perspective. As their parent, you have, and you can model the appropriate response. Help your student think about what they can do to move forward. What options do they have right now? What can they do to rebound? What other paths are available? When you help them see the choices that still exist, you can help them understand that college rejection is far from the final say on life. Instead, there are many, many more opportunities. Allow Your Child to Grow Without You Probably the hardest part of the whole process is that you, as a parent, are no longer in control. You can’t confront a bully’s parents, talk to a principal or smooth over a situation for your child anymore. But that’s a good thing! It’s time for your student to grow into their own man or woman. And dealing with rejection is a huge part of that. As they discover who they fit with – and who they don’t – they will find strength within themselves that won’t be based on you making it all OK. As a parent, that’s hard to deal with. We want to always be needed, always be number one, always be the first person our child leans on. At the same time, we know that we can’t be that person forever. As you child faces rejection in college and beyond, they gain the opportunity to find their own way. Let them grow without you. Tell them you can’t fix a college rejection, but they can – and will – make it through. Remind them of the man or woman you see in them. And then let them fly. Connect With Other Parents Trying To Figure Out How To Pay For College JOIN OUR FACEBOOK GROUP – PAYING FOR COLLEGE 101 Road2College Road2College is dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. We recognize the two processes are intertwined and our goal is to educate families on all aspects of admissions and funding so they can make smarter college financial decisions. View all posts CATEGORIES ParentingSurvive TAGS college rejectionFraternitiesGreek lifesororitiesteenage rejectionNEWER POSTMarch ScholarshipsOLDER POSTColleges Meeting 90% and More of Financial Need

William James s Decision Based On Intellectual Grounds

In his lecture, â€Å"The Will to Believe,† William James addresses how one adopts a belief. There is a hypothesis and an option, where you choose between two live hypotheses. An option has the characteristics to be live or dead, forced or avoidable, and momentous or trivial. In his thesis, James argues how â€Å"our passional nature† must make our decisions about our beliefs when they cannot be certainly determined on â€Å"intellectual grounds,† however, this is not the case, we can always make the decision based on intellectual grounds. One can use Bayesian probability to gain some grasp of the situation and eventually to make a decision. In section I of James’ lecture, he defines hypothesis, giving examples of live and dead hypotheses. A hypothesis is â€Å"...anything that may be proposed to our belief.† (James, sec. 1) It is anything proposed to be believed, a claim. A hypothesis may be living or dead, depending on the recipient. James explain s the difference between live or dead with an example of believing in Mahdi. To a person that does not know about the subject at hand, it would be a dead hypothesis. However, if this claim was presented to someone who knew the subject matter, it would alive as â€Å"†¦ the hypothesis is among the mind s possibilities.† (James, sec. 1) A live hypothesis is a claim that appears to be a real possibility for the one it is proposed to. A dead hypothesis is a claim that does not appear to be a real possibility for the one it is proposed to. Whether aShow MoreRelatedWilliam James s Will For Believe1171 Words   |  5 Pagessentences. 1. Explain William James’s Will to Believe. There are three elements to observe when dealing with a hypothesis. Jame s noted we must ask is our hypothesis dead or living, forced or avoidable, momentous. What the Will to Believe is advocating is one can morally or rationally believe in God or something, even if there is not sufficient intellectual evidence for such a belief. We answer the questions which are outlined on page 292 over the three points on the grounds of our â€Å"passional natureRead MoreClifford s Views On Religion1488 Words   |  6 Pagesfor me. On the other hand James’ more faith-filled philosophy based on his view of religion, recognizing facts and the truth and how the choices we make in our lives effect us everyday are some of the more relatable ethics that we can apply in our daily lives and to give us some guidance in a life full of so many choices. As we know many people have a stance on religion just like WK Clifford who has a very strong view about religion, but some do not agree. William James for examples thinks thatRead MoreThe University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill3032 Words   |  13 Pagesgovernment (such as terrorist threats), and perhaps most importantly hate speech (Langhauser). Hate speech is a slightly more controversial issue because of its overall loose definition. Hate speech is often defined as statements â€Å"offending any group based on race, gender, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation† (American Bar Association). However, many times courts have found that the simple utterance of hate speech is protected, while the acting out of hate speech is not protected (American BarRead MoreCharismatic And Transformational Theory : The Lion King2838 Words   |  12 Pagesbehind them, whether there is action or unfolding someone’s personality. There are two leadership theories that will be co nveyed, Charismatic Leadership and Transformational Leadership. Behind each theory is a founder that explains these concepts, James MacGregor Burns the founder of Transformational leadership (Conger, n.d.) and Karl Emil Maximilian Max Weber the founder of Charismatic leadership (Transformational, n.d.). Over the course of time, movies have been made, demonstrating these theoriesRead More Drug Debate Essay2857 Words   |  12 Pagesbe useful to consider a category of drugs which are neither mind expanding or mind constricting, though, it would be difficult to find any recreational drugs which would fit in this category. The division of categories should be based on how the drug affects intellectual stimulation. The drugs in the mind expanding category should broaden the scope of perception and knowledge for the user. The drug should educate the user and quot;expandquot; the users mind. The drugs in the mind constrictingRead MoreEngaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digita l Age12587 Words   |  51 PagesEngaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age (Free Executive Summary) http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11896.html Free Executive Summary Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age James Waldo, Herbert S. Lin, and Lynette I. Millett, Editors, Committee on Privacy in the Information Age, National Research Council ISBN: 978-0-309-10392-3, 456 pages, 6 x 9, hardback (2007) This free executive summary is provided by the National Academies as part of our mission to educateRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War Essay4338 Words   |  18 PagesAbstract: This article discusses the end of the Cold War, covering the period from Reagan?s inauguration to the reunification of Germany, which marked the end of the last remnant in Europe of the Cold War. It looks at several factors that brought the conflict to a close: arms control, human rights issues, and ongoing conflicts in Latin America between the Soviet Union and the United States. The most important meetings and summits between the United States and the Soviet Union are discussed, includingRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesphilosophy The introduction of the terms philosopher and philosophy has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (see Diogenes Laertius: De vita et moribus philosophorum, I, 12; Cicero: Tusculanae disputationes, V, 8-9). The ascription is based on a passage in a lost work of Herakleides Pontikos, a disciple of Aristotle. It is considered to be part of the widespread legends of Pythagoras of this time. Philosopher replaced the word sophist (from sophoi), which was used to describe wiseRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Final Exam I. Multiple choice: 1% x 30 = 30% 1865-1914 1. The novels and short stories of Henry James and Edith Wharton tended to focus on (A) the tragic outcomes of impoverished characters living in industrialized urban wastelands. (B) the ordeals of isolated characters living as survivalists in the sparsely populated hinterlands of the United States. (C) the inner psychological lives of privileged upper-class characters. (D) the exploits of characters with startling accomplishments and impressiveRead MoreRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 Pagesthough some who knew him insist it was ‘Mi-shaw.’ The correct pronunciation of his name is only the beginning of the ambiguities and mysteries associated with Oscar Micheaux† Patrick Mulligan—Oscar Micheaux: The Great and Only: The Life of America s First Black Filmmaker From the very beginning of the early stages in American cinema, African Americans had a presence on the silver screen. The twentieth century created a new era of cinema that consisted of films produced for and targeted to an all-Black

I Am Starving - Original Writing - 2056 Words

They all laughed at her uncoordinated imitation of a bridal march, the pillow threatening to fall with each step. The 3,000 square feet condominium overflowed with fun and laughter. â€Å"Pizza time,† Ellen yelled. â€Å"At last,† Rick said, marching towards the kitchen knocking the pillow off Rose’s head. â€Å"I’m starving.† Gwen felt a sense of euphoria, reminiscent of her earlier childhood days. She was happy. In a few days she was going to be Mrs. Rick Haley, and for her, the day couldn’t come soon enough. â€Å"What a magnificent spin on a seemingly plain life,† she thought. She was slowly but surely transforming into a high fashion model and had absolutely no idea how it all happened. One day she was the cutie in the baseball cap and the next one she was walking the runways in Paris, London, L.A. and New York. The best news came, however, when her mother was given a thumbs-up at her last doctor’s visit. The X-rays and tests showed her lungs were almost functioning at full capacity. Her appetite had come back and so had the color in her cheeks. Rose was fitted for her bridesmaid’s dress. A size eight! Was it all too good to be true? While they ate, William pulled Rose aside and whispered, â€Å"My family is coming to New York this weekend. They are dying to meet you.† â€Å"What if you invited them to the wedding? I would love for them to come.† â€Å"I thought about it but I didn’t know if Gwen would mind. You know she really wants a small wedding.† â€Å"Gw-w-wen,† RoseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1655 Words   |  7 Pagesfifty-five. â€Å"Come in, child, my name is Fiona Fairday. You must be Ms. Culpepper?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"You’ll be staying in the Rose Room, darlin’. I was all booked up until you called yesterday. It must have been your lucky day. A gentleman who visits Madison often on business left early. He’s a traveling salesman and comes this way once a month. He requests the same room every time. I told him the reason he always reserves that one is because it’s the closest one to the kitchen, and he enjoys my cooking,† Fiona statedRead MoreThe Lizard King, Jim Morrison1597 Words   |  7 PagesUCLA’s film school in 1965, Morrison moved to Venice Beach where he followed his dreams and led a Bohemian lifestyle for a few years. He was a perfect example of a starving artist, often spending his nights sleeping on rooftops or on the beach, or sometimes, if he was lucky at a girlfriends house. He spent most of his days doing drugs and writing poems, and reading books. Something that many people may not be aware of is that Morrison was an avid reader with a large collection of books that traveled withRead MoreCriticism of the Church in the Canterbury Tales1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Catholic Church was very powerful and rich. The clergy enjoyed great fortunes and a high quality of life compared with the peasantry who was starving and dying. In this essay, Im going to deal with the criticism towards the Catholic Church analysing the ironic portrays of the Prioress, the Monk, the Friar and the Pardoner. Chaucer begins writing about the hypocrisy of the church in the General Prologue when the Prioress is introduced. The Prioress is a nun with very good manners (e.g. sheRead MoreComparative Essay on Uniformitarianism and Catasophism1386 Words   |  6 Pagesvicar of Christ (Elwell, p. 888). The â€Å"pope† is a terms of endearment which means â€Å"father† and this was the title of the most important and influential bishops in the early church. The church at Rome nevertheless enjoyed and wanted to preserve the original apostolic faith and the prominence, and they as bishops also owned its apostolic â€Å"founders† and to its political setting, and this led to the inspiration of these bishops to exercise greater leadership in Rome and abroad (Elwell, p. 888). 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Critical Thinking about Positive and Normative Theory Samples for Stud

Question: Discuss the critical Thinking about Positive and Normative Theory? Answer: Introduction Accounting practice involves accounting theory which seeks to explain the methodologies and principles used in the financial reporting. All the theories used in the study of accounting are covered by conceptual framework. These theories are based on logical reasoning. Various regulatory bodies such as International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) etc. play the role of rule and policy makers in the practice. However, there are beliefs that the accounting theory is said to be originated from behavioural science. On the other hand, few researchers think that accounting theory primarily involves pure science (Alexander, 2013). The paper tries to explain the two basic approaches for the purpose of analysis of the accounting theory. These two approaches are the positive and the normative theory respectively. In the subsequent section of the essay, the paper attempts to differentiate these two theories and finally wraps up with concluding note Critical thinking about positive and normative theory Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) is the branch of accounting research study. PAT attempts to elucidate the actual accounting practices. The theory holds the business as combination and nexus of contracts. Different parties involved herein namely shareholders, managers, employees, customers and suppliers etc. have a mutual relationship with each other by way of business contracts. Accounting, in such case, plays a crucial and critical role to unify all the contracts for the purpose of achievement of greater goals and objectives of the business (Althaus et al. 2012). The views expressed in the given theory has two perspectives namely efficiency perspective and opportunity perspective. Efficiency perspective shows that the managers choose the accounting theory and apply the same in the business practices wisely. In other words, management is efficient enough to practically apply the accounting theories that best suit with business expectations and also help to depict true financial performance of the firm (Cervi, 2013). On the other hand, opportunity perspective holds the view that the management of the business acts in own vested interest. Managers are the agents of the shareholders, being the owners of the business. Such agency issue creates the problem in terms of interest in the business by the respective groups. Managers, for example, are alleged to be intended to show the financial performance better than what actually is. This is because of the fact that the better performance of the business directly has a positive impact on the managerial remuneration (Creedy, 2009). Opportunity perspective is based on three hypothesis and these are briefly discussed as herein. Bonus plan hypothesis states that managers have vested interest in the business, which is the reason they show the financial performance of the company better than what actually is. In other words, managerial compensation and firms financial performance are directly proportional to each other and this gives rise to the incentive for the managers to inflate the profit and mislead the shareholders, the real owners of the business (Freebairn, 2012). Debt-Equity hypothesis, on the other hand, assumes that the managers tend to show more accounting profit in the income statement if the Debt-Equity level of the firm increases. This is because of the fact that higher debt components in the capital structure of the company mean more payment obligations in terms of interest payment and principal repayment (Gordon, 2014). Financial institutions including banks want to check the interest coverage of t he firm and liquidity position of the business so that the business may enjoy sufficient liquidity to pay off the debt. However, here comes the incentive on the part of the managers to overstate the liquidity position so that business possess debt fund flowing in the business. Political cost hypothesis states the tax implications of the business and corresponding impact on the psychologies of the managers. If the business earns more profit, more tax needs to be paid to the Government. Therefore, managers, for the purpose of evasion of tax liability, may tend to show lower profits than what actually is. In other words, as per the hypothesis, the primary intention of the managers revolves around evading tax by lowering profits so that financial performance of the business does not catch the political eyes including Government (Haffner and Winters, 2015). Figure 1: Hierarchy of Positive Accounting Theory (Source: Created by author) Normative Accounting Theory (NAT), on the other hand, is fundamentally different than that of PAT, as discussed above. NAT talks about the optimum accounting theory and practice as against the propositions of PAT which discusses about the actual theories and practices. In other words, NAT discusses what it should be as against the PSAT which talks about what it is. From the viewpoint of logical reasoning, it may be construed that the NAT is more deductive theory than that of PAT. It may be noted that there have been differences in opinions as to whether the methodologies and procedures as laid down under the natural sciences may be appropriate and hence applicable to the social sciences. In this context, it may be observed that the principles of natural sciences may be used in defining and explaining any social issues or cases (Hewson, 2014). However, it may also be noted identified that two human being may not act in a similar manner in same situations. Furthermore, the human being may not repeat the same action in the same situation. Therefore, there are differences with respect to the application of social science and that of natural science. Though NAT proposes to hold the optimum theories of accounting, NAT is alleged to be superficial and unreal. Difference between positive and normative theory relating with the article As discussed above, there are differences between PAT and NAT with respect to the prescriptions, principles and practices. PAT is practical, whereas NAT is theoretical. As mentioned earlier, PAT puts emphasis on what it is. NAT, on the other hand, explains what it should be. It may be claimed that the true net worth of the firm should be communicated to all the stakeholders namely shareholders, borrowers, lenders, customers, suppliers, managers, employees etc. However, financial statements do not always tend to report the true picture of the firm. Fixed assets and other non-current assets of the business are recorded under the historical cost method. On the other hand, few securities including derivatives and other financial instruments may be recorded as per fair value method. Therefore, the balance sheet of the firm shows a mix of assets differently valued following different principles (Hogan, 2012). On the other hand, there have been few inductivists who prefer inductive model ov er the deductive model. Inductivists assume that NAT follows an inductive model. It may be construed that these two theories complement each other and in no way substitute for each other (Lymer and Oats, 2007). In the context of given two articles, it may be observed that the articles discuss two different types of accounting theory. One article talks about accounting as a positive theory. Md. Humayun Kabir, in the article, has mentioned different aspects and anomalies related with positive accounting theory. The paper rightly expresses the different opinions on methodologies followed in accounting practices. The research also portrays gaps identified in the positivism concept in the field of accounting. On the other hand, the second article, written by the same author, showcases different aspects associated with normative accounting theories. The article, as mentioned previously in this paper, presents few differing theories propagated by both inductivists and deductivists researchers under normative accounting framework. These theories, though mutually contradictory at times, present a holistic idea about the accounting theory and practical application of accounting principles. The article by Md. Humayun Kabir on Normative Accounting Theories reviews the exemplary works of different types of theorists (both for inductive and deductive) with respect to accounting. The article shows that one of the approaches in NAT is that the same is based on both deductive and inductive model as well. There are works of various scholars which analyse accounting theory from the viewpoint of both the models namely inductive and deductive. However, it may be mentioned that almost all the works and approaches contain assumptions for the purpose of practical application of these theories and models in the practices. There are separate viewpoints and perspectives to evaluate NAT. Accounting theory may be viewed as a part of normative science from the cost perspective (Lymer and Oats, 2013). Few theorists hold accounting under historical cost method; few others consider market price or current cost model. In addition, few researchers also put reliance on the realisable value or replacement cost. The followers of historical cost convention possess opinion that these market-linked values such as realisable value or resale price are relevant only for few specific types of decision making and not for reporting as a whole. Furthermore, there are dissimilarities between the propositions by dif ferent theorists advocating normative accounting theory. For example, the researchers belonging to historical costs school of thought place critical consideration on the concept of objectivity and verifiability (Mangioni, 2014). In other words, it is opined that the accounting process is objective and does not require enough corroboration by way of assumptions to be validated. Conclusion From the discussion made above, it may be observed that the variations and approaches on accounting theory are the vast areas of entire accounting study. There are various types of perspectives emerged time to time to substantiate the theories and relate the same to practices. It may be construed that reliability is one of the basic and fundamental assumptions and components behind accounting theories (Metcalf, 2007). Financial statements present financial performance of the business to the targeted audiences so that decision making process of every stakeholder associated may be smooth and efficient. In other words, the primary objective of accounting is said to present economic truth to the users of financial statements. Therefore, primary requisite of the financial statements is to be reliable. Accounting theory may be analysed as a positive theory or normative theory. However, the financial reporting should be efficient and it needs to be kept in mind that the accounting informati on helps the management and stakeholders to evaluate the business and take necessary decision accordingly. Lastly, it may be construed that the accounting theories and practices emerge as a part of both social science and natural science. Simultaneous inclusion of measurement and disclosure in the accounting framework makes the subject as a balanced mix of both human science and natural science (Waller, 2007). Therefore, it may be concluded that PAT and NAT support each other. The drawback of NAT has been eliminated, to a greater extent, in PAT. However, NAT provides the theoretical and principle-based framework which is utmost critical for any practices or operations. The combination of both normative and positive theories makes accounting one of the most useful subjects in today's world, which is both practical and based on principles (Woellner et al. 2012). References Alexander, R. M. (2013). Tax transparency. Business Horizons, 56(5), 543549. Althaus, C., Bridgman, P., and Davis, G. (2012). The Australian policy handbook. Australia: Independent Pub Group. Cervi, B. (2013). 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